Description: 79.5×62×7.3mm copper-based brake pad with 4-hole design. Density 6.2g/cm³, weight 195g. Free from graphite segregation, cracks, and defects. Ideal for heavy-duty industrial braking system...
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Tel: +86-15239857375
2026.05.19
Tan Xinyue — After-Sales Technical Coordinator
Content
Industrial braking systems work under demanding conditions: high loads, repeated friction, sudden stops, elevated temperatures, vibration, dust, and long operating cycles. In these environments, the brake pad is not simply a replaceable wear part; it is a critical safety and productivity component. A brake pad with unstable friction, poor heat dissipation, surface cracking, or inconsistent density can reduce braking reliability, increase equipment downtime, and create unnecessary maintenance costs.
The high-density copper-based brake pad with a 79.5×62×7.3 mm structure and 4-hole mounting design is engineered for industrial applications where stable braking performance, long service life, and reliable dimensional accuracy are essential. With a density of 6.2 g/cm³ and a weight of approximately 195 g, this friction component is designed to deliver a balanced combination of mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and installation stability.
Unlike conventional friction materials that may suffer from thermal decay, inconsistent wear, or weak structural integrity under heavy-duty operation, this copper-based brake pad uses a robust powder metallurgy material system. The copper matrix supports rapid heat transfer and stable friction performance, while strict control of material mixing, forming, sintering, and inspection helps prevent graphite segregation, cracks, and visible or hidden defects. The result is a dependable industrial brake lining suitable for heavy engineering machinery, metallurgical equipment, mining machinery, marine equipment, wind power systems, elevators, machine tools, and other high-load applications.
The product is a copper-based industrial brake pad designed with precise dimensions of 79.5 mm in length, 62 mm in width, and 7.3 mm in thickness. Although compact in size, the brake pad is developed for heavy-duty use. Its four mounting holes provide secure positioning and improve the stability of the brake assembly during repeated braking. The specified density of 6.2 g/cm³ indicates a high-density structure that contributes to strength, wear resistance, and consistent friction response.
In industrial braking, dimensional precision is highly important. A brake pad that is even slightly inconsistent in thickness or mounting-hole alignment can cause uneven contact pressure, vibration, noise, premature wear, or braking delay. The 79.5×62×7.3 mm design is manufactured under strict dimensional control to ensure stable fitment in compatible brake assemblies. This attention to size accuracy helps users reduce installation adjustments and maintain consistent braking force over time.
The copper-based friction material is the key feature of this product. Copper has excellent thermal conductivity compared with many common friction material matrices. During braking, kinetic energy is converted into heat at the contact surface between the brake pad and the mating component. If heat is not dissipated efficiently, the friction coefficient may decline, causing thermal fade and reduced braking power. The copper matrix helps transfer heat away from the friction interface, supporting more stable performance during repeated or prolonged braking cycles.
The product is also manufactured to be free from graphite segregation, cracks, and defects. This is more than a quality statement; it directly relates to the braking performance of the part. Graphite is often used in friction materials for lubrication and friction adjustment, but uneven graphite distribution can create local weak points or inconsistent friction zones. Cracks can expand under mechanical load and heat cycling, while other defects can shorten service life. By controlling these risks, the brake pad provides a more reliable and predictable operating experience.
The following table summarizes the key parameters of the brake pad and the related performance expectations for industrial braking systems.
Parameter |
Specification |
Performance Meaning |
Product Type |
Copper-based industrial brake pad |
Designed for heavy-duty friction and braking applications |
Dimensions |
79.5×62×7.3 mm |
Precision fitment for compatible brake assemblies |
Mounting Design |
4-hole structure |
Improves installation stability and force distribution |
Density |
6.2 g/cm³ |
Supports mechanical strength and wear resistance |
Weight |
Approximately 195 g |
Balanced mass for compact industrial braking components |
Friction Coefficient |
Stable, typically 0.35–0.40 under dry conditions |
Helps provide consistent braking force |
Wear Rate |
≤1.0×10⁻⁴ cm³/J |
Supports longer service life and reduced maintenance frequency |
Shear Strength |
≥7 MPa |
Improves resistance to mechanical separation or structural failure |
Working Temperature |
-40℃ to 600℃ |
Suitable for broad industrial operating environments |
Quality Requirements |
No graphite segregation, no cracks, no defects |
Improves reliability, safety, and consistency |
Copper-based friction materials are widely valued in industrial braking because they offer a strong balance of thermal, mechanical, and friction-related properties. In many heavy-duty systems, the main challenge is not only stopping movement but doing so repeatedly without losing performance. Braking components must resist heat, pressure, and wear while maintaining stable contact with the mating surface.
The first major advantage of copper is thermal conductivity. When a brake pad contacts a rotating or moving component, friction creates heat rapidly. Poor heat dissipation can cause glazing, fading, uneven wear, or damage to surrounding brake parts. Copper conducts heat efficiently, helping reduce localized hot spots and improving the ability of the brake pad to maintain stable friction under load.
The second advantage is mechanical strength. A dense copper-based material can withstand repeated pressure and vibration better than many lower-density or less stable friction materials. Industrial brakes may be used in cranes, winches, conveyors, rolling mills, elevators, and other equipment where braking force is not occasional but part of daily operation. A stronger brake pad helps reduce chipping, cracking, and early replacement.
The third advantage is friction stability. Brake pads must avoid sudden changes in friction coefficient. If friction is too low, stopping distance increases. If friction is too high or unstable, the system may experience grabbing, vibration, noise, or excessive wear. A well-designed copper-based matrix can maintain a controlled friction range, especially when combined with uniform additives and precise sintering.
The fourth advantage is compatibility with harsh working environments. Industrial sites may expose brake pads to dust, temperature swings, high loads, and long duty cycles. A copper-based pad with controlled density and verified structural integrity can provide better resistance to environmental and mechanical stress than ordinary friction materials that are not optimized for such conditions.
Many conventional brake pads are adequate for light or moderate applications, but heavy-duty industrial systems require more demanding performance. The high-density copper-based brake pad stands out because it focuses on stability, durability, and process-controlled quality rather than only basic friction function.
One important advantage is resistance to thermal fade. Some competing friction materials may perform well during short braking cycles but lose effectiveness after repeated heating. The copper-based structure helps move heat away from the friction surface, reducing the risk of rapid performance decline. This makes the pad especially valuable in equipment that operates continuously or stops heavy moving loads frequently.
A second advantage is the controlled density of 6.2 g/cm³. Density affects strength, porosity, wear behavior, and braking response. If density is too low or inconsistent, the pad can wear quickly or fail under pressure. If density is excessively high without proper material balance, the pad may become too aggressive against mating parts. The specified density provides a practical balance for industrial applications where durability and friction stability must coexist.
A third advantage is the strict requirement for zero graphite segregation. In lower-quality products, poor mixing or process instability can cause graphite to gather in certain regions. These regions may produce uneven lubrication, lower local strength, and inconsistent braking. By preventing graphite segregation, the brake pad supports uniform performance across the entire friction surface.
A fourth advantage is crack-free production. Cracks in brake pads are dangerous because they can expand during thermal cycling and mechanical loading. Even small cracks may lead to premature failure, uneven wear, or material separation. Advanced inspection and controlled manufacturing help ensure that each pad is structurally sound before shipment.
A fifth advantage is the 4-hole mounting design. Secure mounting is essential because a brake pad must remain stable under dynamic force. The four holes distribute mounting pressure more evenly, reducing the likelihood of shifting, vibration, or uneven contact. Compared with simpler mounting structures, this design improves assembly stability and helps preserve braking consistency.
A sixth advantage is customization potential. Many industrial users require friction components tailored to special equipment, operating temperatures, load levels, or drawing requirements. The manufacturer’s powder metallurgy and precision machining capabilities allow dimensional, density, and friction-property customization, helping customers obtain parts that match their equipment rather than forcing equipment to adapt to standard parts.
A brake pad’s performance is determined not by one ingredient alone but by the balance of its material system. The copper matrix provides the foundation for heat transfer and mechanical support. Additives such as friction modifiers, lubricating components, and wear-resistant particles can be used to adjust performance, but they must be distributed evenly throughout the material.
Graphite control is especially important. Graphite may help improve friction stability and reduce excessive wear, but only when it is uniformly dispersed. Graphite segregation can create soft zones, inconsistent thermal behavior, and unpredictable friction. For this reason, precise powder mixing is a critical step in the production of copper-based friction materials. The goal is to create a homogeneous powder blend before forming and sintering so the finished pad behaves consistently from one area to another.
Density control is another essential factor. Powder metallurgy parts are produced by compacting metal powders into a shape and then sintering them at high temperature. The compacting pressure, powder particle distribution, lubricant system, tooling accuracy, sintering temperature, and sintering atmosphere all affect the final density. A density of 6.2 g/cm³ indicates a compact and robust structure, reducing internal weakness while maintaining the friction characteristics required for braking.
The material must also maintain stability over a wide temperature range. The stated working temperature range of -40℃ to 600℃ allows the brake pad to be used in cold outdoor environments as well as high-temperature industrial operations. In applications such as metallurgy, mining, and heavy machinery, this thermal range is a practical advantage because equipment may experience both environmental cold starts and intense operating heat.
The performance of a copper-based brake pad depends heavily on the manufacturing process. Powder metallurgy is well suited for friction materials because it allows precise control of composition, density, porosity, and shape. Jiande Welfine Technology Co., Ltd., established in 2001, specializes in powder metallurgy sintering and related precision machining, providing a strong manufacturing foundation for this type of industrial brake component.
The production process begins with raw material selection. Copper powder and other functional components must meet requirements for purity, particle size, flowability, and consistency. High-quality raw materials reduce the risk of contamination, uneven composition, and unstable sintering. For friction materials, the quality of powder ingredients directly influences thermal conductivity, shear strength, friction coefficient, and wear rate.
After raw material inspection, the powders are mixed according to a controlled formulation. This stage is critical for preventing graphite segregation and ensuring uniform distribution of all components. Advanced mixing equipment and process parameters help avoid agglomeration, dead zones, or ingredient separation. The mixed powder must be consistent from batch to batch so that each finished brake pad performs predictably.
The next step is pressing or compacting. The mixed powder is placed into precision tooling and pressed under controlled pressure to create the green compact. Tooling accuracy determines the basic shape, dimensions, hole positioning, and thickness distribution. Proper pressing pressure is essential because it affects green strength and final density. Uneven pressure can cause density gradients, which may lead to warping, cracks, or inconsistent wear after sintering.
Sintering follows pressing. During sintering, the compacted powder part is heated in a controlled furnace environment to bond particles together without fully melting the entire structure. High-temperature sintering strengthens the material, develops the final microstructure, and stabilizes the friction material matrix. Furnace temperature uniformity, atmosphere control, heating rate, holding time, and cooling conditions all influence final quality. A modern sintering line helps ensure that every brake pad reaches the required density, strength, and structural integrity.
Depending on customer requirements and product design, secondary operations may include sizing, precision machining, surface finishing, deburring, cleaning, and inspection. For a brake pad with a 4-hole design, hole accuracy and edge quality are important for proper installation. Precision forming and machining help maintain the 79.5×62×7.3 mm dimensions and ensure compatibility with the customer’s braking assembly.
Final inspection is performed to verify that the brake pad is free from graphite segregation, cracks, surface damage, and dimensional defects. Visual inspection, dimensional measurement, and material analysis may be used according to the product requirement. By applying multi-stage quality control rather than only final checking, the manufacturer reduces risk throughout the process and improves the consistency of delivered parts.
Jiande Welfine Technology Co., Ltd. has more than 20 years of industry experience in powder metallurgy, sintering, self-lubricating bushings, and precision parts. This background is highly relevant to copper-based brake pads because friction components require the same disciplines that define quality powder metallurgy production: powder control, pressing accuracy, sintering stability, dimensional precision, and batch consistency.
The company operates a modern production base of approximately 13,039 square meters. Its manufacturing facilities include high-efficiency presses, high-temperature sintering furnaces, and precision forming equipment. These resources allow the company to support both standardized product manufacturing and OEM/ODM customization based on drawings or samples.
With more than 150 skilled employees, the company has the production capacity and technical experience needed for industrial parts that require repeatable quality. Skilled operators and engineers are important because powder metallurgy production depends on many variables. Machine capability matters, but process knowledge is equally important. Experienced teams can identify potential issues in powder flow, compaction, sintering, distortion, and inspection before they become customer problems.
The company has passed ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016 certifications. These quality management systems reflect an emphasis on process control, traceability, continuous improvement, and product consistency. For industrial brake pad buyers, certified quality systems provide greater confidence that manufacturing is controlled systematically rather than managed only by final inspection.
Another strength is the ability to offer OEM and ODM customization. Industrial braking equipment varies widely across sectors, and not all brake pads can be replaced by generic parts. Customers may require specific dimensions, mounting-hole patterns, density targets, friction coefficients, material composition adjustments, or machining features. A powder metallurgy manufacturer with design and production flexibility can support these requirements more effectively than a supplier limited to standard catalog items.
For a brake pad used in heavy-duty equipment, quality control is not optional. A defective pad can cause poor braking performance, equipment damage, production interruption, or safety risks. Therefore, quality must be built into the manufacturing process from raw material to final packaging.
Raw material control is the first quality barrier. Powders must be checked for composition, particle size, moisture, and contamination risk. If the input material is unstable, the final product cannot be reliably stable. By monitoring powder quality, the manufacturer helps ensure that every batch begins with a predictable foundation.
Mixing control is the second barrier. Because the product must be free from graphite segregation, the powder blending process must be carefully managed. Proper mixing time, equipment design, loading sequence, and batch verification all help create uniform material distribution. This prevents performance inconsistencies caused by graphite agglomeration or uneven additive concentration.
Pressing control is the third barrier. During compacting, pressure must be uniform and tooling must be maintained accurately. Dimensional variation, density variation, lamination, or internal cracking can originate during pressing. A controlled pressing process improves part strength and reduces the probability of hidden defects.
Sintering control is the fourth barrier. Temperature and atmosphere must be controlled to achieve proper bonding and microstructure development. Over-sintering, under-sintering, oxidation, or uneven heat exposure can affect strength and friction performance. High-temperature sintering furnaces with stable process control are essential for producing reliable copper-based brake pads.
Final inspection is the last barrier. The product is checked for visible surface defects, cracks, dimensional accuracy, and overall finish. For specific orders, additional analysis such as metallographic examination or performance testing may be applied. The goal is to ensure that the delivered brake pad meets both dimensional and functional requirements.
This copper-based brake pad is suitable for heavy engineering machinery such as cranes, excavators, loaders, and concrete pump trucks. These machines often operate under high load and require reliable braking when lifting, positioning, moving, or stopping heavy components. Stable friction and strong heat dissipation help ensure predictable braking during repeated operation.
In metallurgical equipment, braking systems are exposed to high temperatures, dust, vibration, and continuous operation. Rolling mills, continuous casters, and steel plant braking systems require friction materials that can resist thermal stress and maintain strength. The copper-based matrix and high-density structure make this brake pad well suited for these demanding environments.
Mining machinery also places extreme demands on brake components. Mine winches, conveyors, and shearer loaders must function reliably in dusty, abrasive, and high-load conditions. A low-maintenance brake pad with good wear resistance helps reduce downtime in mining operations where equipment access and repair can be difficult and costly.
Industrial equipment such as wind turbine generators, machine tools, and elevators also benefits from stable friction components. In wind power systems, braking components may need to operate in changing temperatures and remote locations. In elevators, braking reliability is closely associated with safety. In machine tools, braking stability contributes to precision, productivity, and operator protection.
Marine engineering applications, including ship deck machinery and offshore platform braking systems, often require components that can withstand heavy mechanical loads and challenging environmental conditions. While material selection must always consider the complete system design, the copper-based brake pad’s mechanical strength and thermal performance make it a strong candidate for marine-related braking assemblies.
The 4-hole design is more than a simple installation feature. In braking systems, how a pad is mounted affects how force is transferred. If mounting pressure is uneven, the brake pad may tilt, shift, vibrate, or wear unevenly. A four-hole structure provides more balanced support and helps keep the pad securely positioned during braking.
Uniform mounting pressure improves the contact relationship between the pad and the mating surface. Better contact can reduce localized overheating and uneven wear. It can also help minimize vibration and noise, especially in equipment that experiences frequent start-stop cycles or changing load conditions.
The 4-hole design also supports maintenance efficiency. When the hole pattern is consistent and the dimensions are accurate, technicians can install or replace the pad more easily. Reduced installation time is valuable in industrial settings because downtime affects productivity. A brake pad that fits correctly the first time helps maintenance teams return equipment to operation faster.
Compared with less stable mounting structures, the four-hole design provides greater resistance to pad movement. This is important when the brake system experiences shear force, vibration, and thermal expansion. Stable mounting contributes to both safety and longer service life of the pad and related components.
Maintenance cost is not limited to the purchase price of a brake pad. It includes labor, downtime, inspection frequency, inventory, equipment interruption, and the risk of secondary damage. A lower-priced brake pad that wears quickly or performs inconsistently may become more expensive over time than a higher-quality component with longer service life.
The high-density copper-based brake pad is designed to reduce wear rate and replacement frequency. Its copper matrix provides good heat dissipation, while its controlled density improves mechanical durability. The absence of cracks and defects reduces the likelihood of premature failure. Together, these features help lower the total cost of ownership.
Longer service life is particularly important in continuous operation environments. In mining, metallurgy, wind power, and heavy machinery, stopping equipment for brake maintenance can be costly. If a brake pad lasts longer and maintains stable performance, the user gains both direct savings from fewer replacements and indirect savings from improved equipment availability.
Low maintenance also supports operational safety. When brake pads wear predictably, maintenance teams can plan replacement schedules more accurately. Predictable wear is safer than sudden degradation because it reduces the risk of unexpected braking problems. Consistent material quality is therefore a maintenance and safety advantage.
Industrial users often require brake pads that match specific drawings, samples, or operating conditions. A standard product may not always fit specialized machinery or unique braking systems. The manufacturer’s powder metallurgy capability allows customization in dimensions, hole pattern, thickness, density, friction properties, and material formulation.
Customization begins with technical communication. Customers may provide drawings, samples, application details, load conditions, temperature requirements, expected service life, and mating material information. Engineers can then evaluate whether the standard 79.5×62×7.3 mm design is suitable or whether modifications are needed.
Tooling and process development are important for customized parts. Powder metallurgy relies on accurate molds and forming tools. For a special brake pad, tooling must be designed to control shrinkage, density distribution, hole location, and final dimensions after sintering. Experienced production teams can adjust pressing and sintering parameters to meet customer requirements.
Material customization may also be possible. Some applications require higher friction, lower wear, improved heat resistance, or better compatibility with specific mating surfaces. By adjusting the powder formulation and process route, the manufacturer can support different performance targets while maintaining quality control.
For OEM customers, consistency across batches is especially important. Once a brake pad is approved for a braking system, future deliveries must match the same performance and dimensional requirements. A certified quality system, controlled production records, and stable process management help ensure repeatable supply.
Braking safety depends on stable friction, secure mounting, adequate strength, and reliable material integrity. This brake pad supports safety through its controlled friction coefficient, high-density copper-based structure, crack-free quality requirement, and four-hole mounting design. Each feature contributes to reducing the risk of unpredictable braking behavior.
Productivity is supported by long service life and reduced maintenance. In industrial facilities, brake pad replacement may require equipment shutdown, worker time, and production scheduling. A durable brake pad helps extend maintenance intervals and reduce unplanned downtime. This is particularly valuable for operations where equipment works continuously or where access to braking components is difficult.
The product also helps protect related brake components. Uneven or unstable brake pads can damage discs, drums, holders, or mounting structures. A well-formed, dimensionally accurate pad with stable material properties can reduce abnormal wear and help maintain the overall health of the braking system.
In addition, consistent braking performance helps operators control equipment more precisely. Whether the brake is used in lifting machinery, material handling equipment, or production machinery, predictable braking improves operational confidence. This can indirectly improve production efficiency and reduce stress on equipment operators.
Lower-grade friction pads may appear similar in shape, but their internal quality can be very different. Some products may have uneven density, poor powder mixing, surface cracks, inaccurate holes, or unstable friction characteristics. These issues may not be obvious during initial installation but can become serious during operation.
A pad with poor thermal conductivity may overheat quickly, leading to friction fade or accelerated wear. A pad with graphite segregation may show inconsistent braking force across its surface. A pad with micro-cracks may fail earlier under vibration and thermal cycling. A pad with poor dimensional control may cause installation difficulty or uneven contact pressure.
The high-density copper-based brake pad is designed to avoid these common weaknesses. Its material system promotes heat dissipation and mechanical stability. Its density is controlled to support strength and wear resistance. Its quality inspection focuses on eliminating graphite segregation, cracks, and defects. Its 4-hole design improves secure mounting and force distribution.
For buyers, the key comparison should not be only unit price. A high-quality brake pad may reduce overall costs by lasting longer, requiring less maintenance, improving equipment reliability, and reducing the risk of unplanned shutdown. In critical industrial applications, these advantages are often more valuable than initial price differences.
Before selecting a brake pad, users should confirm dimensional compatibility, mounting-hole pattern, braking load, operating temperature, mating material, required friction coefficient, and expected duty cycle. Although the 79.5×62×7.3 mm copper-based brake pad is designed for industrial applications, correct system matching is essential for best performance.
Installation should be performed according to the brake assembly requirements. The mounting surface should be clean, fasteners should be properly tightened, and the pad should sit evenly against its holder or support. Incorrect installation may reduce performance even when the pad itself is high quality.
Users should also monitor wear during operation. Although the product is designed for long service life, actual lifespan depends on load, speed, braking frequency, environment, mating material, and maintenance practices. Regular inspection helps identify wear trends and plan replacement before performance is affected.
For applications with unusual temperatures, corrosive environments, high impact loads, or special safety requirements, technical consultation is recommended. The manufacturer can evaluate drawings, samples, or working conditions and suggest suitable material or design adjustments.
The main advantage is the combination of high thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and stable friction performance. Copper helps dissipate heat generated during braking, reducing thermal fade and supporting consistent stopping power in heavy-duty industrial conditions.
Density affects strength, wear resistance, and friction stability. A controlled density of 6.2 g/cm³ provides a compact structure that helps resist wear and mechanical stress while maintaining suitable braking characteristics for industrial applications.
It means graphite is uniformly distributed throughout the friction material instead of gathering in isolated regions. Uniform graphite distribution helps prevent inconsistent friction, weak zones, and uneven wear. This is achieved through precise powder mixing and strict process control.
Cracks can expand under heat, pressure, and vibration. A cracked brake pad may wear unevenly, lose strength, or fail prematurely. Crack-free production and inspection improve safety, reliability, and service life.
The 4-hole mounting structure improves installation stability and distributes mounting force more evenly. It helps prevent pad shifting, reduces vibration, and supports more uniform contact during braking.
Yes. The stated working temperature range is -40℃ to 600℃, making it suitable for many industrial environments where both low-temperature starts and high-temperature braking conditions may occur.
Typical applications include heavy engineering machinery, metallurgical equipment, mining machinery, industrial equipment, wind turbine systems, elevators, machine tools, marine deck machinery, and offshore platform braking systems.
Its high-density copper-based structure, wear resistance, heat dissipation, and defect-free quality reduce premature wear and failure. Longer service life means fewer replacements, less downtime, and lower maintenance labor costs.
Yes. The manufacturer supports OEM and ODM customization based on customer drawings, samples, dimensions, density requirements, hole patterns, and friction-performance needs.
The manufacturer operates under ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016 quality management certifications. These systems support process control, traceability, continuous improvement, and consistent manufacturing quality.
The 79.5×62×7.3 mm high-density copper-based brake pad is designed for industrial users who require stable braking, strong wear resistance, efficient heat dissipation, and reliable installation. Its copper-based friction material provides an important advantage over many conventional pads by improving thermal performance and supporting stable friction under demanding conditions.
The product’s 6.2 g/cm³ density, 195 g weight, 4-hole mounting structure, stable friction coefficient, low wear rate, and crack-free quality requirement make it a dependable choice for heavy-duty braking systems. By eliminating graphite segregation and defects, the brake pad delivers more uniform performance and reduces the risk of premature failure.
Behind the product is a manufacturer with more than two decades of powder metallurgy experience, a modern production base, high-efficiency presses, high-temperature sintering furnaces, precision forming equipment, skilled personnel, and certified quality management systems. These strengths allow the company to provide both standard and customized friction components for industrial customers.
For applications in engineering machinery, metallurgy, mining, marine engineering, wind power, elevators, and other industrial equipment, choosing the right brake pad is a strategic decision. A high-quality copper-based brake pad can improve safety, reduce maintenance, protect equipment, and support stable production. This product offers a practical and performance-focused solution for customers seeking durable industrial braking components.
GB/T 5763-2018, Brake Linings for Automobiles.
GB/T 10421-2002, Test Methods for Wear Resistance of Friction Materials.
GB/T 10419-2008, Test Method for Shear Strength of Friction Materials.
GB/T 3399-1982, Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Metallic Materials.
German, R. M., Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing.
ASM Handbook, Volume 7: Powder Metal Technologies and Applications.
Blau, P. J., Friction Science and Technology: From Concepts to Applications.
Hutchings, I. M. and Shipway, P., Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials.